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organic chemistry of steroids: cholesterol and its synthesis in the body

I the cholesterol in the body is formed from squalene (Terpene found the first time in a shark but is very present in organisms). Squalene is formed from acetyl-CoA:

PHASE 1: 3 x AcetilCoA produce Mevalonate

• L 'escapes from Acetyl-CoA mitochondria with citrate shuttle

• The first two reactions are the same views in the synthesis of ketone bodies

• The two enzymes are involved cytosol

Step 2: mevalonate merged form 'active isoprenoids (isopentenyl pyrophosphate)

So:

• The p irofosfato helps keep these compounds in solution otherwise insoluble in H 2 O

• The third phosphate group serves as the acceptor hydroxyl group-OH of mevalonate, which is removed in the dephosphorylation accompanying decarboxylation reaction in the fourth

• C atom is lost (as CO 2 )

So:

HMG-CoA reductase catalyzes the limiting step in the way of cholesterol synthesis.

Step 3: 6 units' form isoprenoid squalene

2 molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate bond Head injury - Head to PreSqualene pyrophosphate:

reduction that gives Squalene:

The transition from squalene to cholesterol requires the formation of lanosterol:

2 enzymes involved:

- squalene monooxygenase (epoxidase or) ( RE )

- cyclase, which catalyzes the reaction more complex enzyme known (about 20 steps)

The lanosterol and 'the first compound to have the 4-ring steroid nucleus

Di Massimo Capobianco